This year is László Lovász‘s 70th birthday and I went to his birthday conference, so a blog post about one of his famous results seems to be appropriate: the chromatic number of the Kneser graph.
Let be a graph with a vertex set
and an adjacency relation
. A coloring of
is a map from
from
to a set of colors
such that no pair of adjacent vertices gets mapped to the same element of
. The chromatic number of
is the smallest number of colors needed to color
. One of the nicest graphs to investigate is the Kneser graph: Here
consists of all subsets of
of size
and two vertices are adjacent if the corresponding
-sets are disjoint. For
and
, this is the famous Petersen graph: